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北京天坛的导游词
北京天坛的导游词1
各位游客，你们好！今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。
天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣坛，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天的祈年殿。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北圆南方，寓意天圆地方。乾隆年间，将大祀殿改为现在的祈年殿，将屋顶瓦片改成蓝色的琉璃瓦，形成了今天我们看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。
这一祭天圣地，在1860年遭到了英法联军的洗劫，19XX年又遭到八国联军的蹂躏。新中国成立以后，这里成了着名的旅游景点，来这里的除了旅游者，还有很多健身的人们。
现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始游览。
现在我们是沿着天坛建筑的中轴线在向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组门，大家可以注意到，门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是上帝专用的，所以高大；皇帝只能从左侧的门进入；而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。
来到圜丘坛下，我们马上要开始登坛了，不过要请您留心数一数，每层坛面都有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家会发现，坛上所有的台阶数，都是九或者九的倍数。这些难道都是巧合么？当然不是，因为古人认为九是极阳数，所以工匠们便用这个数字来赋予圜丘坛“崇高”之意。
说完了神坛的奇妙，我再给您介绍一下祭天大典的盛况。
到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在这里祭天。在这个典礼上，需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是这块天心石。它是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，各位游客不妨体验一下，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。
现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，面前的建筑叫做天库，它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇三个字也分别代表了“至高无上”“天”“宇宙”的意思，更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的“天心石”合称天坛三大声学现象。
回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙十分平滑，可以传声，在传递途中对声音损失极小，只要对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰地听到对方说话。
三音石是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，站在第二块石头上拍手可以听到两次，而站在第三块石头上拍手就可以听到三次回音，所以称为三音石。
在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后，我们即将走进祈谷坛了，祈谷坛的主体建筑就是祈年殿，祈年殿是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。
圆形尖屋顶是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖，以此来象征天。和每年的祭天一样，这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天，有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐，身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿，向牌位行大礼，祈祷上苍，然后把供品送到祈年门外焚烧，送上天宫。
现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条长廊，是祭祀时运送祭品的通道。
今天的观光游览就要结束了，在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。同时也请您把天坛的祝福带给您的家人朋友。祝您一帆风顺。
北京天坛的导游词2
大家好，我是这次旅游的导游，我姓*，大家可以叫我*导！
现在快到目的地——北京天坛，所以我先给大家将一些注意事项：“礼貌、卫生、秩序、眼看手勿动、禁止乱涂乱画”这五点，记得哦！
乘客们，旅游景点已到，请大家有秩序的下车！现在我们来到了天坛的正门，这里是皇帝前来祭祀时进出的大门。现在，就让我一一地为大家介绍吧！
天坛，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。它位于北京城南端，是明、清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛不仅是中国古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。
天坛东西长1700米，南北宽1600米，种面积为273万平方米。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。北围墙为孤圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。这种南方北圆，，通称“天地墙”，象徽古代“天圆地方”之说。
以上就是天坛的故事，时间不早了，现在，大家自由参观拍照吧！——转眼间，我们的北京天坛一日游又结束了，大家有秩序的坐车回家吧！
北京天坛的导游词3
各位游客，大家好!今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天坛。
天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣殿，主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天的祈年殿。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北圆南方，寓意天圆地方。乾隆年间，将大祀殿改为现在祈年殿，将屋顶改为蓝色的琉璃瓦，形成了今天我们看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。
这一祭天圣地，在1860年遭遇了英法联军的洗劫，19又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏，新中国成立以后，这里成了着名的旅游景点，还有很多健身的人们。
现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的线路开始游览。
现在我们是沿着天坛建筑的中轴线在向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘坛有两道围护墙，外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组门，门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是皇帝专用的，所以高大，皇帝只能从左侧的进入;而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。来到圜丘坛下，我们马上就要开始登坛了，不过要请您留心数一数，每一层坛面有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家都会发现，坛上所有的阶数，都是九或九的倍数。这些难道都是巧合么?当然不是，因为古人认为九的极阳数。所以工匠们变用这个数来赋予圜丘坛的“崇高”之意。
谢谢你们来北京天坛，欢迎下次再来啦!
北京天坛的导游词4
各位亲爱的旅客朋友们：你们好！我叫钦宸永，是你们这次天坛之旅的总导游，大家可以叫我钦导，很高兴能为大家服务。
天坛位于北京天桥南大街，永定门内东侧。始建于明成祖永乐公元1420年，原名：天地坛，占地273万平方米，是我国现存最大的祭祀性建筑群。它规模宏伟、富丽堂皇，天坛不仅在中国建筑史上占有重要位置，也是世界建筑艺术的珍贵遗产。天坛以五大奇建筑而闻名中外：一为祈年殿，俗称无梁殿；二为回音壁；三为三音石；四为对话石；五为圆丘坛，即祭天台。
天坛的主要建筑祈年殿，每年皇帝都在这里举行祭天仪式，祈祷风调雨顺、五谷丰登。它是一座三重檐的圆形大殿，高38米，直径3272米，宝顶鎏金，碧蓝琉璃瓦盖顶。
回音壁，是皇穹宇院的四周一道高372米、厚9米、直径615米的贺形围墙。墙身为灰城砖砌成，磨砖对缝，光滑严密。若两人分别站在东西内墙根，一人靠墙向北小声说话，声音就会沿着墙壁传到另一端，好像打电话一样，对方听得一清二楚，由此又名传音墙。
圆丘：坊石用九这个阳数来表现天象。同时，它又建筑得特别高大，登上圆丘举目四望，只能望见远处蔚蓝色的天空，四周有白古棂星门矗立着，脚下一片青白色石面，仿佛置身于太虚之中，更增加了天的感受。
旅客朋友们，我们这次天坛之旅到这里就要结束了，很希望下次还能和大家见面。
北京天坛的导游词5
大家好！我叫林芷晴，我是你们今天的导游，大家能叫我小林。今天，我们要来参观一下在我们中国北京东南的“北京天坛”。下面请容许我为你们讲解一下吧
天坛位于北京天安门的东南。始建于明成祖永乐十八年，原名“天地坛”，是明清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神的地方，明嘉靖九年在北京北郊另建祭祀的地坛，此处就专为祭祀上天和祈求丰收的场所，并改名为“天坛”。
天坛的主体建筑是祈年殿，每年皇帝都在这里举行祭天仪式，祈祷风调雨顺、五谷丰登。祈年殿呈圆形，直径32米，高38米，是三重檐亭式圆殿，宝顶鎏金，碧蓝琉璃瓦盖顶；殿内九龙藻井极其精致，富丽堂皇，光彩夺目。
天坛共占地270万平方米，规模宏伟，是中国现存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群。它以严谨的规划布局，奇特的建筑史上占有重要位置，也是世界建筑艺术的珍贵遗产。
相信大家听到这里，一定是又好奇又兴奋吧，看，前面就是目的地了，在此我特别提醒：
1、大家在参观的过程中不能大声喧哗；
2、不要乱扔垃圾；
3、要是迷路的话，请拨打：1374204xxx电话给我。最后祝大家旅行愉快。
北京天坛的'导游词6
各位游客，我的介绍就到这里，如在参观游览的过程中有其他问题，请向我询问，我会再进行讲解。谢谢大家!
游客们，大家好!现在我们位于北京市崇文区天坛路，我想有的朋友已经猜到了，我们的下一个景点就是美丽的天坛。
天坛，在北京市南部，东城区永定门内大街东侧。占地约270万平方米，是中国现存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群。南有天坛祭天，东有日坛祭太阳，西有月坛祭月亮，其中，天坛最光彩夺目。天坛始建于明永乐十八年，清乾隆、光绪时曾重修改建。为明、清两代帝王祭祀皇天、祈五谷丰登的场所。
同时，它也是中国木结构建筑的顶峰，全用木材就完成了这一惊世杰作。天坛另一美妙之处，是奇妙的回声。站在中心叫一声，你会听到从地层深处传来的明亮而深沉的回响，这声音仿佛来自地心，又似乎来自天空，所以人们为它取了一个充满神秘色彩的名字“天心石”。在皇穹宇的四周有一道厚约0。9米的围墙，你站在一端贴着墙小声说话，站在另一端的人只要耳贴墙面就能听得异常清晰，并且还有立体声效果哦!这就是神奇的“回音壁”。这证明500年前的中国人已经能够运用声学原理。
游客们，现在请大家参观一小时，然后到门厅集合。
北京天坛的导游词7
ladies and gentlemen:
welcome to the temple of heaven. (after self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of china. there are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. all in all ，there are 12 million visitors very year. now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. it will take roughly one hour. mind you ，the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the god of heaven.
the largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to heaven ，the temple of heaven served as an exclusive altar for chinese monarchs during the ming and qing dynasties. it was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship heaven and pray for good harvest. but why ?
the ancient chinese believed that heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind，and thus worshiping rites dedicated to heaven came into being.
the heaven the ancient chinese referred to was actually the universe， or nature. in those days， there were specfic rites of worship. this was especially true during the ming and qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.
the temple of heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of emperor youngle of the ming dynasty. situated in the southern part of the city ，this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. to better symbolize heaven and earth ，the northern part of the temple is circular while the southern part is square .the whole compound is enclosed by two walls， a square wall outside a round one. the outer area is characterized by suburban scenery， while the inner part is used for sacrifices. the inner enclosure consists of the hall of prayer for good harvest and the circular mound altar.
the circular mound altar is enclosed by two walls ，each containing four groups of southern lattice star gate， each in turn consisting of three doors， with 24 marble doors altogether. standing on the passage facing north， you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. this reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs， while the narrower one was used by courtiers.
on the day of the ceremony ，the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. he ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.
we are now on the top terrace of the altar， or the third terrace .each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. the number of stones in the first ring is 9， in the second ，18， up to 81 in the 9th ring. even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. but why?
according to ancient chinese philosophy， yin and yang were two opposing factors. heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the earth and even numbers belonged to yin. nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . what is more， the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.
once more look at the round stone in the center. the upper terrace is nine zhang (a chinese unit of length， one zhang equals 3.3 meters ) in circumference ，while the middle is 15 zhang， the lower，21 zhang. classified as yang numbers， the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success. what is more， by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples， the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized . the concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.
now i will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the inter solstice. the memorial tablet dedicated to heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace， while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks. the service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning. all of the lanterns would be lit .in the foreground， a sacrificial calf is being barbecued. on the square in front of the altar， the emperor， under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers， princes of royal blood ，musicians， dancers and uniformed soldiers， would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of heaven. when the service drew to a close ，the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated .all of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing god off .music and dancing would follow .in the end ，the emperor would return to the forbidden city secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by heaven until the next winter solstice.
it is interesting to note that ，the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance ，since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer. the stone ，which is known as the god`s heart stone， is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder， thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service .you can try this out by yourself. (proceed northward to pass through the lattice stargate)
this structure is known as heaven` s storehouse. it is entered through the gate of glazed tiles. the roofing，beams， and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks. this is the only structure of its kind in china today .
the heaven` s storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept. douglas hurd， a former british foreigh secretary ，once said ， “god attends to his affairs on the cir4cular mound altar but stays here. ” now let` s go in to to see it (go through the left side door)
(in the courtyard of heaven` s storehouse)this is the imperial vault of heaven， the main structure of heaven` s storehouse. it was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter. the structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball ，and carved wooden doors and windows. it is decorated with colored paintings. founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace ，the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance.. the ramp is carved in “two dragons playing with a pearl ” design in relief. we will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.
the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings. on top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson ，or covered ceiling .the ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design. the 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.
to the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal. atop it ，up a wooden flight of 9 steps， is where the major tablet dedicate to heaven was enshrined. on each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex halls in the courtyard， there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun， moon ，constellation， cloud ，rain， wind and thunder.
aside from exquisitely laid out architectures， heaven` s storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features， i. e. the echo wall and the triple- sound stone. a mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side， although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart. this is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth ，solid bricks.
in front of the steps leading away from the halls is the triple sound stone. if you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands， the sound will echo once; on the second stone， the sound will be heard twice; and on the third stone， the sound will repeat three times. hence the name. (go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path nor thward)
the temple of heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60，000 cypress trees in all，among which over 4，000 are more than one hundred years old ，adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple .this tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago. its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons; thus it is known as the nine-dragon cypress. it is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs. now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.
Now we are back again on the central axis. this brick-arched gate is known as chengzhen (adopting fidelity) .this gate is the northern gate of the circular mound altar and the hall of prayer for good harvest. the hall of prayer for good harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis. it was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.
entering the hall of prayer for good harvest， we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long， which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall. this broad north-south walkway， called danbiqiao (red stairway bridge)， connects the two sets of main building in the temple of heaven and constitutes a single axis.
the passage is divided into left， control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs. the central and the widest path is known as heavenly thoroughfare ， which was reserved exclusively for god; nobody， including the emperor， was allowed to set foot onto it . the emperor used the path on the east，which is known as the imperial walk. the ministers and princes used the one on the west .interesting enough ，there is no walkway left for ordinary people. this is because the temple of heaven used to be off-limits to them.
contrary to appearances， this walkway is not a bridge at all . but how so ? this road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep. the cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice. all in all ，it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in beijing.
looking back at the thoroughfare， you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end. as people approach the architectural group of the hall of prayer for good harvest， the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens. here you are in heaven.
the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai， or costumechanging terrace. it is located to the east of the red stairway bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters .it has marble slab balustrades. the day before the service ，officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes. after the service，the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace. (proceed to the south gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest)
this structure is called the gate of pray for good harvest. we can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ，the hall of prayer for good harvest， though the colonnade of the gate. a gigantic and lofty group of buildings， the complex includes the gate of prayer for good harvest， the hall of prayer for good harvest， eastern and western annex halls ，the huanqian (imperial heaven) long corridor， heaven kitchen， slaughterhouse， etc.
the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace ，to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall .this unique building ，38 meters in height， is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball. the roofing is made of blue glazed tiles， the color of the sky .underneath the roof， the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings. the base of the structure is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace. at a distance， the terrace looks like a gigantic， spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it .
today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of beijing， which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.
the base of the hall is a triple-tiered， circular marble terrace， which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height ，covering a space of 4，000 square meters. meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure. in the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs， there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud， dragon and phoenix designs. to set off the ramps， the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls. in southern part of each tier， a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed. sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.
(in front of the hall of prayer for good harvest) climbing up this marble terrace， we see the main hall，a masterpiece of ancient china. looking up you will see the caisson， or covered ceiling， characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes. in and out ， the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.
without the use of steel ，cement and nail， and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams，the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars， laths， joints and rafters. the four central pillars， called the dragon-well pillars， are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers， representing the four season. there are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each. the inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 divisions of the day and night .between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the chinese lunar year. the pillars， 28 in number， also represent the 28 constellations in the universe- the ancient chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.
the center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab， which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter. interestingly， the slab features natural black and white veins， corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling. this particular slab is known as the dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.
the furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when emperor xianfeng ruled .in the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of heaven. on either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed. each tablet is fronted by an altar. a total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it ，including soup， wine， assorted cereals， and a calf.
the sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning， sometime in the first month of the chinese lunar year. because it was still dark， candles， lanterns and torches were lit. this lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall ，helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.
by the time the service began，207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall. the emperor， in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity， would walk slowly into the hall， kowtow， and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors. all of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for good harvest. with this we conclude our visit to the temper of heaven. the feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history .however， this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.
from the eastern gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest， we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor. consisting of 72 sections， this corridor served as a connecting building between the slaughterhouse. heaven kitchen， and the main hall ，it is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line. flanking the corridor are shopping stalls. you may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.
well ，that is all for this tour. thank you for your attention. i look forward to your next visit. good luck and bon voyage.
北京天坛的导游词8
游客们，你们好！我是今天为你们服务的导游，我叫王又立，大家可以叫我王导。今天我要陪伴大家共同游览西藏的布达拉宫，下面由我简单为大家介绍一下布达拉宫。
布达拉宫建于公元7世纪，建造了999间房屋，现占地41万平方米，建筑面积达13万平方米。宫体主楼有13层，高115米。它下面是玛布日山，传说是当时吐蕃王松赞干布为迎娶唐朝的文成公主而建的。松赞干布建立的吐蕃王朝灭亡之后，古老的宫堡也大部分被毁于战火。直到公元17世纪，五世建立噶丹颇章王朝并被清朝政府正式封为地方教首领后，才开始了重建布达拉宫，时年为公园1645年。以后历代又相继扩建，才成就了布达拉宫今天这样的规模。
听了我的介绍，大家应该大体明白布达拉宫了吧！现在是上午9时整，两小时候到布达拉宫旅馆见，请不要违反游园规定，同时希望你们能在旅途中发现更多的奥秘。
北京天坛的导游词9
天坛位于北京市崇文区在永定门内大街路东。原是明清两代皇帝祭祀皇天上帝的场所，始建于明永乐十八年 (1420 年 ), 以后经过不断的改扩建，至清乾隆年间最终建成。天坛占地达 273 万平方米主要建筑有祈年殿、圜丘、 皇穹宇、斋宫、神乐署、牺牲所等。1918 年辟为公园。
天坛分为内、外两坛，内坛由圜丘、祈谷坛两部分组成，内坛北部是祈谷坛，内坛南部是圜丘坛，一条 360 米长的丹陛桥连缀两坛，两坛的主要建筑就集中在丹陛桥两端，丹陛桥南端有圜丘、皇穹宇，北端有祈年殿、皇乾殿。丹陛桥也称海攫大道 , 是一条巨大的砖砌高台商道，也是天坛建筑的主轴线。在丹陛桥的东侧建有与天坛祭祀功能相适应的附属建筑：宰牲亭、神厨、神库 等。丹陛桥西侧有斋宫 , 斋宫是举行祭天大典前皇帝进行斋戒的场所。外坛为林区 , 广植树木，外坛的西南部有神乐署，是明清时期演习祭祀礼乐及培训祭祀乐舞生的场所。
从明永乐十八年 (1420 年 ) 北京天地坛初建成时开始，天坛作为皇帝祭祀皇天上帝的专用祭坛的历史一直延续了 490 余年，1911年爆发的辛亥革命结束了中国两千余年的封建帝制，也结束了贯穿中国历史达五千年的祭祀史，专用于为皇帝祭祀服务的天坛从此 " 任人游览 ",1918 年民国政府将天坛辟为公园，实行售票开放。1951 年北京市政府组建了天坛管理处，1957 年天坛被列入北京市第一批古建文物保护单位。1961 年被国务院列入第一批全国重点文物保护单位。
北京天坛的导游词10
今天我——苏彪，带你们来游览一下我国著名的天坛。
我国天坛建于公元15世纪上半叶，坐落在皇家园林当中，四周杏松环保，是保存完好的坛庙建筑群，无论再整体布局还是单一建筑群上，到反映出天地之间的关系，而这一关系在中国古代宇宙观中占着核心位置。同是，这些建筑还体现出帝王将相在这一关系中所起的独特作用。
天坛位于北京市崇文区永定门内大街左侧，是明清两代帝王祭天祈谷、夏至祈雨、冬至祭雪的圣地。
天坛主要建筑均位于内坛，从南到北排列在一条直线上。全部宫殿、坛基都朝南呈圆形，以象征天。整个布局和建筑结构，都具有独特的风格。祈年殿是皇帝祈祷五谷丰收的场所，是一座三重檐的圆形大殿，高38米，直径32。72米，蓝色琉璃瓦屋顶，全砖木结构，没有大梁长檩，全靠28根木柱和36根枋桷支撑，在造型上具有高度的艺术价格。
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